有餘涅槃

(有餘涅槃, 有余涅盘)

[lang id =1028]有餘依 ([lang id =1028]有餘依涅槃) Incomplete (sa) nirvāṇa. Hīnayāna holds that the (sa) arhat after his last term of mortal existence enters into (sa) nirvāṇa, while alive here he is in the state of (sa) sopādhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa, limited, or modified, (sa) nirvāṇa, as contrasted with [lang id =1028]無餘涅槃 (sa) nirupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna holds that when the cause [lang id =1028]因 of reincarnation is ended the state is that of [lang id =1028]有餘涅槃 incomplete (sa) nirvāṇa; when the effect [lang id =1028]果 is ended, and [lang id =1028]得佛之常身 the eternal Buddha-body has been obtained, then there is [lang id =1028]無餘涅槃 complete (sa) nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna writers say that in the Hīnayāna [lang id =1028]無餘涅槃 'remainderless' (sa) nirvāṇa for the (sa) arhat there are still remains of illusion, karma, and suffering, and it is therefore [lang id =1028]有餘涅槃; in Mahāyāna [lang id =1028]無餘涅槃 these remains of illusion, etc., are ended.

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謂見、 思煩惱已斷， 尚餘現受色身未滅， 是名有餘涅槃。 （見、 思煩惱， 即見、 思惑， 於意識起諸分別， 曰見惑； 於塵境起諸貪愛， 曰思惑。 ）

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１．依小乘的說法， 阿羅漢惑業已盡， 生死已了， 而身體尚在， 名有餘涅槃， 或有餘依涅槃， 言其生死之因雖盡， 但還餘有漏的依身在， 待到依身亦亡， 則名無餘涅槃， 或無餘依涅槃。 ２．依大乘的說法， 菩薩變易生死之因盡， 叫做有餘涅槃， 要到變易生死之果盡， 獲得佛之常身後， 才叫做無餘涅槃。 ３．就大小相對說， 小乘的無餘涅槃， 因尚有惑業苦之殘餘， 故叫做有餘； 至於大乘的無餘涅槃， 因究竟而無殘餘， 故叫做無餘。